Prilog diskusiji o tipologiji naselja Srbije

Abstract

Rad ima za cilj formiranje metodološkog okvira za tipologiju naselja Srbije. Važeća podela naselja na gradska i ostala već duže vreme trpi kritike u naučnoj i stručnoj javnosti, kako zbog toga što neka naselja koja imaju status gradskih ne ispunjavaju ni minimum uslova u smislu broja stanovnika, diversifikovanosti privredne strukture, funkcionalnog kapaciteta itd., tako i zbog činjenice da po zvaničnoj statistici ne postoji kategorija seoskih naselja, odnosno sela. Na osnovu ispitivanja baznih indikatora vezanih za naselja: broj stanovnika, zaposleni u nepoljoprivrednim delatnostima, poljoprivredna domaćinstava i dnevni migranti, predložen je model diferenciranja naselja Srbije na gradska naselja, prigradska naselja, ruralne centre i seoska naselja. Primenom osmišljenog modela identifikovano je 190 gradskih naselja, 338 prigradskih, 51 ruralni centar i 4130 seoskih naselja na području Srbije (bez Kosova i Metohije). Adekvatna tipologija naselja olakšaće proces planiranja i upravljanja, odnosno definisanja optimalne organizacije naseljske mreže u cilju podsticanja ukupne razvijenosti Republike Srbije.

The paper aims to devise a possible way of forming a methodological framework for the typology of the settlements in Serbia. Namely, since the current division of settlements into the urban and the 'rest' has suffered criticism in the scientific and professional public for a long time, due to the fact that many settlements that have urban status do not meet the minimum conditions in terms of the number of inhabitants, the diversification of the economic structure, functional capacity, etc., and due to the fact that official statistics do not recognize the category of villages, or village settlements in the network of Serbia. Based on the analysis of basic indicators related to settlements: number of inhabitants, employees in non-agricultural activities, agricultural households and daily migrants, a model of differentiation of the settlements of Serbia into urban settlements, suburban settlements, rural centers and rural settlements is proposed. The obtained results indicate a set of 190 urban settlements, 338 suburban settlements, 51 rural centers and 4130 rural settlements in the territory of Serbia (excluding Kosovo and Metohija). The contribution of work is recognized in facilitating the planning and management process, ie defining the optimal organization of the residential network in order to raise the overall level of development.