GIS and Remote Sensing based natural hazard modelling of Kriva River catchment, Republic of Macedonia

Abstract

In this paper, an approach of Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) assessment of potential natural hazards (excessive erosion, landslides, torrential floods and forest fires) is presented. For that purpose the Kriva River catchment in the northeastern part of the Republic of Macedonia is selected as a study area because of high local impact of natural hazards on the environment, socio-demographic situation and local economy. First of all, the most relevant static factors for each type of natural hazard are identified (topography, land cover, man-made structures and infrastructure). With GIS and satellite imagery, multi-layer calculation is performed based on available traditional equations, clustering or discreditation procedures. In such way suitable relatively "static" natural hazard maps (models) are produced. Then, dynamic (mostly climate and land use related) factors are included in previous models resulting in appropriate models. Finally, GIS-based models are evaluated and tested with field check or visually on very fine resolution (0.5 m) orthophoto imagery, showing acceptable accuracy. At the end, with combination and overlapping of high risk zones for each hazard type, multi-hazard map (model) is created. The creation of a multi-hazard map is the first important task for the prevention and mitigation of natural hazards in the risk-prone area. Further development of such GIS models in connection with meteorological stations and dynamic satellite imagery (like MODIS) will provide on-time (early) warning for upcoming natural hazards minimizing potential damage. The obtained results could be applied in the field of spatial and urban planning, water and soil management, etc.