Globalization and cultural identity

Abstract

This paper aims to analyze an important phenomenon of our world, namely the contradictory relationship between globalization and cultural identity. Globalization is a multidimensional phenomenon that encompasses not only economic components but also cultural, ideological, political and other. Globalization in its archaic forms goes back to ancient history and roots linked to the emergence and spread of human society. The modem form reached in the second half of the 20th century, and the intensity and the culmination of the 80s and early 90s of the 20th century (the global age, postindustrial and postmodern age). Globalization is a complex process that integrates a number of factors whose interaction of globally achieved thanks to the expansion of knowledge, technologies and information across national borders. Impacts encourage globalization manifested in a series of changes in economic, political, social and especially cultural sphere, which is the subject of this paper. The concept of global values, commonly identified with the values of Western culture (americanization, westernization), and the effects of globalization is manifested through its effect on the national cultural forms. In literature and discussions amount to be different points of view the relation between globalization and culture, but the essence of the conflict based on opposing theses that reflect the "dual character" of cultural globalization. The first is a proponent of the negative impact of globalization on homogeneous national and local culture, while the other prefers diversity of cultural content, expressed through the cosmopolitan culture that does not negate the sense of national belonging. The authors in this paper analyze different interpretations of a complex relationship between culture and globalization and to emphasize the positive and negative effects arising from the relationships and connections between the global and the local.

Ovaj rad ima za cilj da analizira sve izrazitiji fenomen u svetu, zasnovan na kontradiktornom odnosu između globalizacije i kulturnog identiteta. Globalizacija je višedimenzionalni fenomen koji obuhvata ne samo ekonomske komponente, već i kulturne, ideološke, političke i druge. Globalizacija predstavlja složen proces koji integriše brojne faktore čije je međusobno delovanje na globalnom nivou postignuto zahvaljujući ekspanziji znanja, tehnoloških dostignuća i informacija van državnih granica. Uticaji podstaknuti globalizacijom ispoljavaju se u nizu promena u ekonomskoj, političkoj, socijalnoj i posebno kulturnoj sferi, koja je predmet istraživanja ovog rada. Pojam globalne vrednosti najčešće se poistovećuje sa vrednostima zapadnih kultura (amerikanizacija, vesternizacija), a uticaji globalizacije se ispoljavaju kroz njeno delovanje na nacionalne kulturne obrasce. U brojnoj literaturi i debatama iznose se različita gledišta odnosa globalizacije i kulture, ali se suština konflikta zasniva na suprotnim tezama koje oslikavaju njen "dvostruki lik". Prva teza je zagovornik negativnog uticaja globalizacije na homogene nacionalne i lokalne kulture, a druga daje prednost različitostima kulturnih sadržaja, izraženih kroz kosmopolitsku kulturu koja ne poništava osećanje nacionalne pripadnosti. Autori u radu analiziraju različita tumačenja kompleksnog odnosa kulture i globalizacije i ukazuju na pozitivne i negativne efekte koji proističu iz odnosa i veza na relaciji globalno-lokalno.