This study aims to estimate geothermal potential, radioactivity levels, and environmental pollution of six most popular spas in Central Serbia (Ovcar, Gornja Trepca, Vrnjacka, Mataruska, Bogutovacka and Sokobanja), as well as to evaluate potential exposure and health risks for living and visiting population. Thermal possibilities of the studied spas showed medium and low geothermal potential with total thermal power of 0.025 MW. Gamma dose rates in air varied from 63 to 178 nSv h(-1). Specific activities of natural radionuclides (Ra-226, Th-232 and K-40) and Cs-137 in soil were measured; annual effective doses and excess lifetime cancer risk from radionuclides were calculated. Radon concentration in thermal-mineral waters from the spas ranged between 1.5 and 60.7 Bq L-1 (the highest values were measured in Sokobanja). The annual effective dose from radon due to water ingestion was calculated. The analyzed soils had a clay loam texture. The presence of As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Cd, Zn..., and Hg in soil was investigated. The concentrations of As, Cr, Ni, and Hg exceeded the regulatory limits in many samples. Soil samples from Mataruska spa were generally the most contaminated with heavy metals, while the lowest heavy metal concentrations were observed in Sokobanja. Health effects of exposure to heavy metals in soil were estimated by non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk assessment. Total carcinogenic risk ranged between 6 x 10(-4) and 137 x 10(-4) for children and between 0.1 x 10(-4) and 2.2 x 10(-4) for adults. The sum of 16 PAHs analyzed in soil samples varied from 92 to 854 mu g kg(-1).
TY - JOUR
AU - Gulan, Ljiljana
AU - Penjišević, Ivana
AU - Stajić, Jelena M.
AU - Milenković, Biljana
AU - Zeremski, Tijana
AU - Stevanović, Vladica
AU - Valjarević, Aleksandar
PY - 2020
UR - https://gery.gef.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1026
AB - This study aims to estimate geothermal potential, radioactivity levels, and environmental pollution of six most popular spas in Central Serbia (Ovcar, Gornja Trepca, Vrnjacka, Mataruska, Bogutovacka and Sokobanja), as well as to evaluate potential exposure and health risks for living and visiting population. Thermal possibilities of the studied spas showed medium and low geothermal potential with total thermal power of 0.025 MW. Gamma dose rates in air varied from 63 to 178 nSv h(-1). Specific activities of natural radionuclides (Ra-226, Th-232 and K-40) and Cs-137 in soil were measured; annual effective doses and excess lifetime cancer risk from radionuclides were calculated. Radon concentration in thermal-mineral waters from the spas ranged between 1.5 and 60.7 Bq L-1 (the highest values were measured in Sokobanja). The annual effective dose from radon due to water ingestion was calculated. The analyzed soils had a clay loam texture. The presence of As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Cd, Zn, and Hg in soil was investigated. The concentrations of As, Cr, Ni, and Hg exceeded the regulatory limits in many samples. Soil samples from Mataruska spa were generally the most contaminated with heavy metals, while the lowest heavy metal concentrations were observed in Sokobanja. Health effects of exposure to heavy metals in soil were estimated by non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk assessment. Total carcinogenic risk ranged between 6 x 10(-4) and 137 x 10(-4) for children and between 0.1 x 10(-4) and 2.2 x 10(-4) for adults. The sum of 16 PAHs analyzed in soil samples varied from 92 to 854 mu g kg(-1).
PB - Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford
T2 - Chemosphere
T1 - Spa environments in central Serbia: Geothermal potential, radioactivity, heavy metals and PAHs
VL - 242
DO - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125171
UR - convd_1883
ER -
@article{
author = "Gulan, Ljiljana and Penjišević, Ivana and Stajić, Jelena M. and Milenković, Biljana and Zeremski, Tijana and Stevanović, Vladica and Valjarević, Aleksandar",
year = "2020",
abstract = "This study aims to estimate geothermal potential, radioactivity levels, and environmental pollution of six most popular spas in Central Serbia (Ovcar, Gornja Trepca, Vrnjacka, Mataruska, Bogutovacka and Sokobanja), as well as to evaluate potential exposure and health risks for living and visiting population. Thermal possibilities of the studied spas showed medium and low geothermal potential with total thermal power of 0.025 MW. Gamma dose rates in air varied from 63 to 178 nSv h(-1). Specific activities of natural radionuclides (Ra-226, Th-232 and K-40) and Cs-137 in soil were measured; annual effective doses and excess lifetime cancer risk from radionuclides were calculated. Radon concentration in thermal-mineral waters from the spas ranged between 1.5 and 60.7 Bq L-1 (the highest values were measured in Sokobanja). The annual effective dose from radon due to water ingestion was calculated. The analyzed soils had a clay loam texture. The presence of As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Cd, Zn, and Hg in soil was investigated. The concentrations of As, Cr, Ni, and Hg exceeded the regulatory limits in many samples. Soil samples from Mataruska spa were generally the most contaminated with heavy metals, while the lowest heavy metal concentrations were observed in Sokobanja. Health effects of exposure to heavy metals in soil were estimated by non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk assessment. Total carcinogenic risk ranged between 6 x 10(-4) and 137 x 10(-4) for children and between 0.1 x 10(-4) and 2.2 x 10(-4) for adults. The sum of 16 PAHs analyzed in soil samples varied from 92 to 854 mu g kg(-1).",
publisher = "Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford",
journal = "Chemosphere",
title = "Spa environments in central Serbia: Geothermal potential, radioactivity, heavy metals and PAHs",
volume = "242",
doi = "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125171",
url = "convd_1883"
}
Gulan, L., Penjišević, I., Stajić, J. M., Milenković, B., Zeremski, T., Stevanović, V.,& Valjarević, A.. (2020). Spa environments in central Serbia: Geothermal potential, radioactivity, heavy metals and PAHs. in Chemosphere
Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford., 242.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125171
convd_1883
Gulan L, Penjišević I, Stajić JM, Milenković B, Zeremski T, Stevanović V, Valjarević A. Spa environments in central Serbia: Geothermal potential, radioactivity, heavy metals and PAHs. in Chemosphere. 2020;242.
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125171
convd_1883 .
Gulan, Ljiljana, Penjišević, Ivana, Stajić, Jelena M., Milenković, Biljana, Zeremski, Tijana, Stevanović, Vladica, Valjarević, Aleksandar, "Spa environments in central Serbia: Geothermal potential, radioactivity, heavy metals and PAHs" in Chemosphere, 242 (2020),
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125171 .,
convd_1883 .
