Spatial planning as a basis system for protection of natural disasters

Abstract

Territory of the Republic of Serbia is susceptible to risk of natural disasters, and the degree of vulnerability varies depending on the type of disaster. Observing individual types of disasters, each of them can have considerable consequences, harm human health and lives and cause damage to property to a large extent. The degree of vulnerability is not uniform in the entire territory, it varies and depends on the type of disaster and the expected potential damage, but it is sufficiently high to have different consequences, pose a threat to health and lives of the population and cause a substantial material damage. In this paper, the vulnerability assessment of the Republic has been presented through the estimation of risk of natural disasters, which also defines the restriction zones on the basis of: seismic vulnerability of an area (vulnerability to earthquakes); engineering and geological conditions and benefits of an area for construction (landslides and unstable slopes, excessive erosion, torrential flows); climate characteristics (intense rainfall, hail, drought); hydro­logical characteristics of the terrain (areas affected by floods); and the highest risk of forest fires.

Teritorija Republike Srbije izložena je riziku od prirodnih nepogoda, a stepen ugroženosti je različit u zavisnosti od vrste nepogode. Posmatrajući pojedinačne vrste nepogoda, svaka od njih može izazvati znatne posledice, ugroziti zdravlje i živote ljudi i prouzrokovati štetu većeg obima na materijalna dobra. Stepen ugroženosti nije uniforman na čitavoj teritoriji, već različit u zavisnosti od tipa nepogode i očekivanih potencijalnih šteta, ali je dovoljan da može usloviti različite posledice, ugroziti zdravlje i živote ljudi i prouzrokovati štetu većeg obima na materijalna dobra. U radu je ocena ugroženosti prostora data kroz procenu opasnosti od prirodnih nepogoda što ujedno definiše i zone sa ograničenjima na osnovu: seizmičke ugroženosti terena (ugroženost od zemljotresa); inženjersko-geoloških uslova i pogodnosti terena za izgradnju (klizišta i nestabilne padine, ekscesivna erozija, bujični tokovi); klimatskih karakteristika (intenzivne padavine, grad, suša); hidroloških odlika terena (prostori ugroženi poplavama); i najvećeg rizika od izbijanja šumskih požara.